A

rchive for August, 2008

Cuento de Dos Ciudades/Tale of Two Cities

Saturday, August 30th, 2008

by Francisco Collazo
Translated by Julie Schwietert Collazo
[English version; Version en espanol abajo]

The summer Olympics are held every four years, an event of international importance and historical significance for many reasons. One of them is the peace and unity that characterize the spirit of the Games.

This year, more than 180 countries participated in the Olympics, with athletes competing in more than 28 disciplines; these Olympics were the largest in history.

The site of this year’s Games was Beijing, China, one of the largest nations in the world. China possesses more than 3 million square miles of territory and its population of more than one billion speak more than seven dialects: Mandarin (850 million); Wu (90 million); Cantonese (80 million); Min (50 million); Xiang (35 million); Hakka (35 million); and Gan (20 million). It’s not a nation that can be discounted easily, given its history and its sheer size.
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I was looking forward to watching the Games from Mexico, which had been the host city of the 1968 Olympics. We even decided to buy a television in order to enjoy what I though was going to be a celebration of unprecedented magnitude.

From what I remember of past Olympics broadcasts, there were always memorable stories about the human character and spirit included alongside the sports coverage. The stories of challenges and obstacles overcome by many athletes and citizens of the world restored viewers’ faith in the power of perseverance and determination. This type of coverage motivated viewers and, at the same time, filled us with dreams and reaffirmed the best of humanity. Along with the athletes, we could pursue the dream! To me, this was TV at its best!
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This year, though, the fulfillment of my expectations didn’t achieve the gold; in fact, they were disqualified. The Mexican channels didn’t bring us coverage characterized by good taste and memorable scenes. The programming was scarce and repetitive; its focus was almost exclusively on gold medal winners and was limited to just a few sports. In moments of other athletes’ glory, the commentators sabotaged their shining moments, making jokes about other countries, their habits, and even their athletes… bad, bad, bad.

As a nation that had been the host of earlier Games, why didn’t the commentators offer any reflection upon their own athletes from the past? What has happened with the memory of this nation? With all the glory of the 1968 Games! During prime-time hours, the TV was full of clowns (yes, clowns with costumes and everything) making senseless jokes. The coverage left me sad and angry, and even sleepless.

It was a personal thing. I had to do something! Money invested in a TV and many hours trying to set up an improvised antenna since we don’t have cable. Up and down from the building’s roof, fiddling with cables to look for the best reception. Using long distance on two cell phones–one from Mexico and one from the US–to communciate with my wife on the first floor (our building has 8 floors)…all this just to be sure we’d get a clear signal. Or at least one we could see.
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What I discovered was that, just as the Chinese government once repressed a protest in Tiananmen Square, leaving in their wake a large number of injured, dead, and exiled, something very similar occurred here in Mexico City just 10 days before the inauguration of the Olympics in 1968.

The incident is known as the Massacre of Tlatelolco, in which hundreds of people were injured and killed by police and the military, dressed in civilian clothing so they would not be detected.

Tlatelolco is located along the side of the Santiago Church in the Plaza of the Three Cultures, which is itself surrounded by Aztec ruins and a complex of apartment buildings, businesses, and civil institutions. It’s an empty plaza in the middle of the city.

In an effort to learn more about what happened here, we decided to visit the plaza to get a better idea of the place and to get a sense of its history.

A group of men was working on the memorial inscribed with the names of some of the victims. They’d been contracted to make a plaster casting of the memorial in order to make a replica, which will be placed in the Zocalo (Mexico City’s main plaza) in October.

It’s here in the plaza where we meet Luis del Arco, a survivor of the events. del Arco tells us that later this evening there will be a lecture about the massacre at the university Cultural Center, very close to here, and he invites us. What luck! I say– it’s only a half hour before the event begins.

del Arco gives us a history. His face and his voice carry the scars of a life of struggle and sacrifice. He explains the details of the night of the massacre. Where the leaders were when they delivered their speeches. Everything about the event and how it was until the tragedy began….

“The leaders were speaking from the third floor”-he said, signaling to the location–”Everyone was looking that way–men, women, and children–and not all of them were participants [in the student-led protests]! Suddenly, we saw a flare that came from the direction of the church,” he said, again signaling the place. “It seemed like some sort of signal. And then, you heard shots coming from every direction. Everyone ran. The panic was overwhelming. Screaming and people falling. Others crying and blood everywhere. The police cut off the exit, they’d already occupied all the apartment buildings–back then they didn’t have those divisions that you see today. More than 300 people died or were wounded, perhaps more. Who knows for sure what the official figure was? The government gave a statistic that was very low,” he tells us with sadness and anger.

After such a vivid description, I look around and try to imagine the incident and how one could have escaped from this plaza in the face of such a sudden attack. I realize it was truly a human trap. There was no exit. Walls and buildings on every side. The students were a perfect target for any shooter.
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The conference to which we were invited was charged with accusations and evidence presented against the government. The questions of those in attendance filled the room with even more accusations and examples of other government failings. They talk about current events, too: of abortion in Mexico, of the situation with petroleum, and the fact that not a single official involved in the masscre ever went to prison.

In the course of just a few hours, we have lived 40 years of Mexican history; we have become aware of the other aspect of Mexico and its struggle. Nevertheless, we were witnesses to just one side of the story; no government officials were present to deny, rectify, or debate what was discussed in the forum.

Books and films have been made about the massacre, among the most popular being the film “Rojo Amanecer” (”Red Dawn”) by Jorge Fons, “Ni Olvido Ni Perdono” (”I Won’t Forget or Forgive”) a film by Richard Dindo, and The Night of Tlatelolco, the book by Elena Poniatowska (journalist and founder of the newspaper, La Jornada).
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The tragedies that I can associate with countries that have been the host of Olympic Games are numerous, to tell the truth: Mexico City in 1968, Munich in 1972, Atlanta in 1996, and, in its own way, Beijing in 2008. Without a doubt, the Olympics reopened a wound for del Arco and thousands of other Mexicans. For many here, neither gold, nor silver, nor bronze meant anything… just the resurrection of painful memories of the massacre. It’s as if the dead were speaking or as if the world insisted that they couldn’t rest in peace.
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For me, being in Mexico and wanting to see the Beijing Olympics was what inspired me to write and meditate about this celebration of the human spirit, of the necessity to make the world a better place that’s more humane, and much more just for everyone.

After all, it was here, in the land of Montezuma, where the Olympics were celebrated for the first time in Latin America, and where we should never forget what happened in Mexico City, in Munich, and in Atlanta. It’s by remembering that we’ll qualify for the gold in tolerance, respect, and peace. And to ensure that the site of every future Olympic Games will be one of celebration rather than pain. That way, we’ll all qualify for gold!
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[version en Espanol]

Cada cuatro anos se celebran las Olimpiadas de verano, un evento de importancia universal y de significancia historica por muchas razones. Una de ellas es la unidad pacifica de carácter internacional. Este ano participaron mas de 180 paises. Se compitio en mas de 28 disciplinas, haciendo estas Olimpiadas la mas grande de todos los tiempos.

La sede de los juegos este ano fue Beijing, China, una de las naciones mas grande del mundo con una expansión territorial de mas de 3 millones de millas cuadradas y con una población de mas de un billon de habitantes, quienes hablan 7 dialectos principales: Mandarin con 850 millones, Wu 90 millones, Cantones 80 millones, Min 50 millones, Xiang 35 millones, Hakka 35 millones, y Gan 20 millones. Es una nacion que no se puede descontar muy fácilmente por su historia y su gigantesca magnitud.

Afortunadamente, espere ver los juegos desde Mexico, ciudad anfitriona de los juegos olimpicos del 1968. Decidimos en la compra de un televisor para disfrutar de lo que pense iba hacer una celebración de magnitud imprecedente.

De todo lo que recuerdo de olimpiadas pasadas era que dentro de su programa deportivo se veian junto a estas transmiciones historias inmemorables del carácter y del espiritu humano. De los retos y obstáculos superados que muchos de estos atletas y ciudadanos del mundo nos dejaban como prueba de perseverancia y determinación. Escenas que motivan y nos llena de suenos y a la vez, nos reafirman nuestra humanidad sobrepasando nuestras expectaciones. Con todo ellos, disfruto y formo parte de sus suenos. Esto es a mi entender el trabajo de la televisión en sus mejores momentos!

Este ano mis expectaciones no calificaron para el oro olimpico; de hecho fueron descalificadas. Los canales mexicanos no nos regalaron como debian una transmisión de buen gusto y escenas memorables. Los programas eran escasos y repetitivos; su enfoque fue en el oro y en escasas disciplinas deportivas. En sus mejores momentos los comentaristas saboteaban los comentarios con burlas al lenguaje de otros paises, a sus costumbres y hasta sus propios atletas… Malo, malo, malo.

Como una nacion que habia sido sede de estos juegos, no hizo recuento algunos de sus marcas y atletas en el pasado? Que ha pasado con la memoria de esta nacion? Con toda esa gloria deportiva del 1968! En las horas de mas audiencia televisiva las llenaban con payasos (si, payasos con disfrazes y todo), acompanado todo esto con bromas sin sentido. La idea de la forma y contexto de estas transmisiones me dejaron sin sueno, regrezando a este espacio mental con muchas dudas y mucha tristeza.

Era una cosa ya personal e intima. Tenia que hacer algo! Dinero invertido en un televisor y largas horas frente a ella con una antena improvisada (por que no poseemos cable). Subiendo y bajando la azotea para buscar la mejor recepcion, ademas de usar los minutos de larga distancia de nuestros dos celulares (uno es de Mexico y el otro de los Estados Unidos) para comunicarme con mi esposa en el primer piso (nuestro edificio cuenta con 8 pisos), todo esto para estar seguro que la senal nos llegaba clara, o al menos algo visible.

Bueno, descubri que al igual que en China, donde el gobierno reprimio una manifestación en Plaza Tiananmen, dejando un gran saldo de heridos, muertos y exiliados, aquí sucedió algo muy semejante 10 dias antes de la inauguracion de los juegos olimpicos del 68. El incidente se conoce como “La Masacre de Tlatelolco” donde cientos de personas resultados muertas o heridas por parte de las fuerzas policiales y el ejercito que llevaban puesta ropa civil para no ser identificados.

Tlatelolco se encuentra ubicada a un costado de la iglesia de Santiago Apostol en la “Plaza de las Tres Culturas.” La misma esta rodeada de ruinas Aztecas descubiertas en su plaza y encerrada por un complejo de edificios de viviendas, negocios e instituciones civiles. Es un cuadrelatero vacio en medio de esta ciudad. En un esfuerzo por recopilar mas informaciones sobre los hechos, decidimos visitar el lugar para tener una idea mas concreta de esta realidad y recoger nuestras impresiones.

El memorial con los nombres de las victimas de la masacre lo estaban trabajando un grupo de hombres. Era un grupo de obreros que fueron contratados para llenarla de plaster y sacarle luego una replica que seria expuesta en el “Zocalo” (plaza central de la ciudad de Mexico) en el mes de Octubre.

Es alli en esta plaza que nos encontramos con Luis del Arco, un sobreviviente de aquellos hechos. del Arco nos dice que estaba alli porque en la noche se efectuaria una charla sobre estos hechos en el “Centro Cultural de la UNAM” en Tlatelolco, muy cerca de alli y nos invita a participar en este evento. Que suerte! -me dije- solo falta media hora para su comienzo.

del Arco trabaja como docente. En su rostro y en su voz lleva marcas de una vida de lucha y sacrificios. Nos explico con detalles donde el se encontraba la noche de la masacre. De donde hablaban los lideres. De cómo fue todo el evento hasta que empezo la tragedia….

“Los lideres estaban hablando desde el tercer piso”-nos dijo senalando hacia el lugar- “La gente estaba mirando hacia alla; habia gente de todo tipo, hombres, mujeres, ninos y no todos eran participantes! De repente se ve una luz de Bengala que venia desde esa direccion pegada a la iglesia de Santiago por este costado”-nos dice senalando el lugar- “Al parecer esta era la senal. De pronto se oyen disparos que vienen de todas partes. Todos corriamos. El panico era tremendo. Los gritos y la gente cayendo. Otros llorando y sangre por todas partes. La policia nos corto la salida, ya habian ocupado los edificios de viviendas, que antes no tenian esas divisiones que hoy se encuentran entre los portales y pasillos de los edificios. Mas de trescientas personas entre muertos y heridos, o quizas mas, quien sabe la cifra oficial con entera seguridad. El gobierno dio una cifra muy baja”- nos dice con tristeza y enojo.

Con tan viva descripcion miro a mi alrededor y hago un esfuerzo para traer una imagen mental del incidente y de cómo seria una salida de la plaza en un ataque repentino. Me doy cuenta que es una verdadera trampa humana. No hay salida. Muros y edificios por todas partes. Los estudiantes son un blanco perfecto para cualquier pistolero.

La conferencia a la que fuimos invitado estuvo cargada de acusaciones y datos relevantes contra el gobierno. Las preguntas del publico lleno la sala con aun mas acusaciones y ejemplos de faltas pasadas. Se hablo del aborto en Mexico, de la situación con el petroleo y del hecho de que no han sido mandado a la carcel ni uno de los involucrados en esta masacre. En unas pocas horas hemos vivido 40 anos en la historia de Mexico; hemos conocido la otra parte de Mexico y su lucha. Sin embargo, solo fuimos testigos de un solo lado de la historia; alli no habia un funcionario del gobierno para negar, rectificar, o debatir lo que alli se discutia.

Sobre este masacre se ha escrito libros y se han hecho peliculas, entre los mas populares son el video “Rojo Amanecer” de Jorge Fons, “Ni Olvido Ni Perdono” de Richard Dindo y el libro de Elena Poniatowska (periodista y fundadora del periodico La Jornada) La Noche De Tlatelolco.

Las tragedias que puedo asociar con los paises que han sido sede de las olimpiadas son ya muchas a decir verdad: Ciudad de Mexico en 1968, Munich en 1972, Atlanta en 1996, y Beijing en 2008. Indudablemente el tema de las olimpiadas le abrio llagas a del Arco y a miles de mexicanos mas. Las olimpiadas para muchos en esta nacion Azteca no trae oro, ni bronce, ni plata… solo las memorias y el recuerdo de aquella masacre. Es como si los muertos hablasen o algunos se han negado a callar por ellos.

Para mi el estar en Mexico y querer ver las olimpiadas de Beijing fue lo que me inspiro para escribir y meditar sobre esta celebración del espiritu humano, de la necesidad de un mundo mejor, mas humano y mucho mas justo para todos. Después de todo es aquí en la tierra de Montezuma donde por primera vez se celebro las primeras olimpiadas de America Latina y donde debemos mantener presente los sucesos de Mexico, Munich, y Atlanta, para calificar por el oro de la tolerancia, el respeto y la paz en todo el mundo! Y convertir en escenario de celebración todas y cada una de las sedes olimpicas por los anos venideros……..Asi de esta manera el oro es para TODOS!

Photos: Julie Schwietert Collazo
Photo 1: Francisco in Centennial Park in Atlanta, Georgia, pointing to the names of Cubans who won medals in the 1996 Olympics. (Atlanta, June 2006)
Photo 2: The memorial in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas de Tlatelolco (Mexico City, August 2008)

Mexico City by Metro

Wednesday, August 27th, 2008

If my count is accurate, Mexico City’s Metro has 146 stations.

We thought it might be fun to visit all 146 stations and to introduce you to what’s around them in an occasional series called “Mexico City by Metro.”

The first stop is Chapultepec, the station that is closest to Bosque de Chapultepec, the large urban park in the center of the city.

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When you come above ground at Chapultepec, you’re surrounded by a swarm of mobile commerce. There’s the ice cream vendor with her tower of multi-colored cones and the tortilla vendor, among 100 or so others…


The Chapultepec station leaves you right on the edge of Chapultepec Park (Bosque de Chapultepec), a massive urban green space and home to the city’s National History Museum, zoo, and a number of other great places to spend an afternoon.

I saw this man feeding his child as I was wandering around the National History Museum. Don’t you love these sublime, unscripted moments?


…and I got a handful of shots of this couple, who are clearly very much in love with one another.

Photos: Julie Schwietert Collazo

From A to Z: Guide to Getting Around by Taxi in Mexico City

Tuesday, August 26th, 2008

[English version; Version en espanol abajo]
Text & Photos by: Francisco Collazo
Translation: Julie Schwietert Collazo
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Besides the statue of the Angel located on Avenida Reforma, there’s another stamp that distinguishes Mexico City from any other metropolis: the two-door Volkswagen taxis, or Beetles. One can say with total certainty that the Beetle taxis have been a part of the city’s landscape for years, and they’re what come to mind when I think of this city.

Behind the wheel of each taxi, there’s a different driver with a differen story of the city. Mexico City is an expansive, cosmpolitan center with vibrant commerce and banks of all types. It was here where the Olympics were held in 1968, before Atlanta, before Beijing. To know this city completely, you’d need more than one life. Unless you’re a taxi driver: they know this city like the palm of their hand and navigate through her traffic with ease.

There are plenty of stories about the Beetles. Some people talk about them with nostalgia; others speak of them with disgust, each with his own reasons. The Beetles have been the protagonists in movies, TV shows, tourist brochures. They have also, however, been the setting for assaults and accidents, making news headlines.

Today, the Beetles are seen with less frequency on the city’s streets. The government has proposed to replace the Beetles with new four-door cars–Nissans, Chevrolets, & Suzukis–thinking that these are safer and have greater capacity for luggage. The departure of the Volkswagen factory in Mexico due to debt and other financial problems accelerated the push to introduce a new system. Nonetheless, many drivers of the Beetle taxis signal that their “mileage is much better, the cars are easier to repair, and the cost of pieces is a fraction of the price for those of other cars that are now running the city.”

Some drivers complain that as early as next year the Beetle taxis will no longer be allowed to operate. One driver, Jorge, told me that he will have to buy a new taxi, one with four doors. “And the government doesn’t give any economic incentive to buy and replace this one,” he said. Many of the drivers with whom I have spoken mentioned that they believe the elimination of the Beetle taxis is a government strategy to reduce the total number of vehicles in the city, as traffic congestion is a serious problem here.

On the other hand, the concerns of the government are legitimate, at least with respect to the point made about the safety problem of Beetles. The Beetles lack seatbelts. The front passenger seat is missing; in the event of an accident, a person could become a projectile soaring out the windshield. In short, the Beetles are low to the ground and are fragile compared to heavier vehicles and buses.

The authorities have been compelled to implement different strategies to control the illegal taxis that are used for robberies and other criminal acts. One of these strategies of control was to create a new taxi identification system periodically, though the implementation and enforcement have been difficult.

Every change requires time to be implemented, but before everyone adjusts to the new system, authorities discover that there are already illegal taxis back in the street with new license plates and identification. “The solution has always been worse than the problem,” said Carlos, another Mexico City taxi driver, when I asked him why his license plate and registration begin with the letter “L.” He tells us that before, “L” was the letter that designated his type of taxi, “but later, the government decided to use the letter ‘A’ and then ‘B’ in an effort to eradicate piracy.”

Later, when I ask Carlos what I should do to determine whether a taxi is legal or illegal, he tells me that I should check the license plate carefully: if it is white, then it’s an official taxi. If the plate is a coffee color, then it’s not registered as an official taxi with the city’s Taxi Commission…. and if “you’re mugged or something happens, well then they can’t identify the taxi.”

My curiosity about the taxis began not with nostalgia or even any particular interest, but rather after reading an article on a blog by a Mexico City writer in which he recommended taking “secure” taxis. In his article, the writer described an incident in which a friend who was visiting town was assaulted and robbed of his money, credit card, and other valuables when he was getting into a taxi near the statue of the Angel on Avenida Reforma. In response, he decided to write an article in order to prevent a similar incident from happening to others.

He said: You should be sure that the taxis’ license plates start with the letter “A” or “B” before their registration number; that they have a registration card with the driver’s photo on the dashboard; among other recommendations. For me, this was a message that was both strong and personal: in all my time in Mexico City, I’d never paid attention to any of these details. I only checked the sign that said “Libre” (available) and that was all I needed to know to get from Point A to Point B without problem.

Today, it’s not the same. I’m not paralyzed by fear, but I am more alert and cautious. After the incident I read about, we’ve learned that there is more than one way to cheat a client. Now, when we get in a taxi, we ask that the driver use the meter. When a driver attempts not to use the meter and asks what we’ve been charged before to go to the same destination, he states an elevated price if we say we haven’t been there. That’s when we tell him to stop and we get out. This happens because the meter is close to the gear shift and is often difficult to see, particularly at night. It’s impossible for me to get in a taxi now without noticing whether the license plate has an “A” or “B,” whether the plate is white, and whether the glass is tinted, whether the taxi has a meter, and whether the driver is polite and friendly, whether the doors open and close from outside, that he takes the route that I know… but even with all of these precautions, nothing’s 100% safe. Here, nothing is. Just like nothing’s 100% safe anywhere.

In an effort to protect myself, I keep in mind that it’s not just the letters “A” and “B,” but everything–from A to Z–before shouting, “Taxi!”

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[version en espanol]
Texto y Fotos por Francisco Collazo
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Aparte de la estatua del Angel localizada en la Avenida Reforma en la ciudad de Mexico hay otro sello que distingue a la ciudad de una manera muy religiosa: los taxis Volkswagen de dos puertas o “Beetle” como son conocidos tambien. Se puede decir con toda seguridad que ellos han sido parte de la geografia de la ciudad desde tiempos remotos, o por menos lo que recuerdo cuando pienso en esta ciudad. Cada uno guiado por un chofer diferente con una historia distinta de la ciudad. Ciudad de Mexico es una ciudad muy grande y cosmopolitan con un comercio vibrante, bancos de todo tipo y cuna de los juegos olimpicos en 1968 primero que Atlanta y Beijing. Una ciudad que para conocerla completa uno necesitaria mas de una vida. Sin embargo mucho de estos choferes se la conocen como la palma de su mano y navegan sobre ella con facilidad y destreza.

De los Beetles hay muchas leyendas. Unos se refieren con nolstagia y otros los aborrecen y detestan por diferentes razones. Han sido protagonistas principales en peliculas, novelas, folletos turisticos, de la misma manera que han sido escenarios de asaltos y accidentes que alcanzaron los medios de informaciones principales de la ciudad. Hoy se ven con menos frecuencia corriendo por sus calles. La ciudad se propone reemplazarlos por carros nuevos de cuatro puertas que se esperan sean mas seguros y con capacidad para la trasportacion con equipaje: Nissan, Chevrolet, Suzuki. La salida de su fabricantes en Mexico por deudas adquiridas y otras informalidades han acelerado este proceso a una velocidad impresionante. Sin embargo, muchos de los choferes de los Beetles senalan que “su millaje es mucho mejor, faciles de reparar y el costo de sus piezas se pueden encontrar a fraccion del precio de los otro carros que ya han comenzado sus servicios en la ciudad.” Asi me lo dijo Jorge, un chofer de Beetle.

Algunos choferes se quejan de que el proximo ano ya no les permitiran operarlos y tendrian que comprar uno de estos carros de cuatro puertas donde el gobierno no le dara ninguna ayuda o incentivo economico para la adquisicion y reemplazo de este. Muchos de los choferes temen que es una estrategia del gobierno para eliminar de esta manera el exceso de automoviles en la ciudad.

Por otra parte, las preocupaciones del gobierno son muy legitimas en cuanto a la inseguridad de los Beetles se refiere: carecen de cinturones de seguridad, la ausencia del asiento delantero al lado del chofer permitira en un accidente que la persona salga como un proyectil por el cristal delantero, muy bajos y fragiles comparados a los vehiculos y camiones (como les llaman a los buses) que hoy transitan por la ciudad. Las autoridades han tenido que implementar diferentes formas para controlar el flujo de estos taxis ilegales que se utilizaban para lucro y actos fraudulentos, asi como para la comision de crimen por toda la ciudad. Una de esas medidas de control fue crear un sistema de identificacion nueva cada cierto tiempo, pero fue dificil. Cada cambio necesitaba tiempo para establecerse y no se implementaba el nuevo sistema cuando se descubrian que ya habian taxis ilegales con las placas e identificaciones nuevas las (mismas que se crearon para detener el fraude y la ilegalidad) y asi sucesivamente. La solucion fue peor que el problema segun nos informa Carlos, un taxista de la Ciudad de Mexico cuando le pregunto por que su placa y registracion comienza con la letra “L”. El nos dice que antes esa era la letra con que se designo a estos tipos de taxis… “pero que despues el gobierno decidio por la letra “A” y mas tarde la “B” en un esfuerzo para eradicar la pirateria.” Luego, cuando le pregunto que debo hacer para saber si es un taxi legal o ilegal me informa que debo fijarme en la placa: si es blanca, es un taxi “oficial”; si es carmelita, no esta registrado de la misma manera porque es “propio,” es decir pagaron por una licencia para operar, pero no llevan otra identificacion oficial por parte de la comision de taxis de la ciudad y ………”si te atracan o te pasa algo no los puedes identificar.”

Mi curiosidad con ellos empieza no por la nostagia ni por interes en ellos, o por el hecho que vivo en esta ciudad y me muevo en estos taxis, sino por haber leido un articulo en unas de las paginas electronicas de la Ciudad de Mexico donde el autor daba una recomendacion para tomar un taxi seguro. En su articulo el autor describe que un amigo suyo que estaba de visita lo habian asaltado despojandolo de su dinero, tarjeta de credito y demas valores cuando abordo uno de estos taxis cerca de la estatua de la Angel en la Avenida Reforma y en respuesta decidio escribir ese articulo para prevenir que esto le sucediera a otros. Decia: debemos cerciorarnos que estos lleven una letra “A” o “B” delante su numero de registracion y lleven en la ventana una registracion con foto del chofer operando el auto entre otras cosas. Este fue un mensaje fuerte y personal para mi; en todo este tiempo en Mexico nunca me fije en estos detalles. Solo veia el letrero de “Taxi Libre” y eso era todo lo que necesitaba para alquilarlo sin preocupacion o problema.

Hoy ya no es asi. No estoy paralizado por el miedo, pero si estoy mas alerta y precavido. Despues de este incidente hemos comprobado que si existe mas de una manera de enganar al cliente. Cuando abordamos un taxi le pedimos que nos de la tarifa de taximetro y que opere con el. Muchas veces cuando no los operan y nos preguntan que cuantos nos han cobrado anteriormente para ajustar un precio, cuando decimos que nunca hemos estado alli nos dan cifras exageradas y es entonces que les ordenamos que se detenga y nos deje salir. Esto sucede porque muchas veces los taximetros se encuentran localizados cerca del mecanismo de cambio de velocidad y muy dificil de verlos desde afuera y de noche. Es imposible montarme en un taxi en la Ciudad de Mexico sin estar antes seguro que la letra “A” o “B” esten delante de la registracion, que su placa sea blanca y que no tenga cristales ahumados, que tenga taximetro y que el chofer sea amistoso, y que las puertas abran y cierren desde afuera, que tome el sitio que conozco, pero esto no es cien por ciento seguro, aqui nada lo es, como en ninguna otra parte.

En un intento por protegerme tengo en cuenta no solo las letras “A” y “B” pero todo, desde la “A” hasta la “Z” antes de gritar……Taxi!

Impressions of Cartagena, Colombia

Sunday, August 24th, 2008

by Francisco Collazo
Translated by Julie Schwietert Collazo
[English version; Scroll down for Spanish version]

I sit on the bank of the Magdalena River to write my initial impressions of Cartagena. I can’t help but think of Havana and San Juan, both places we know well, places where we’ve lived. The air is warmer and more humid here. This city’s walls are more intact, giving way, here and there, to doors that give passage into the city…pieces of history lost in Cartagena’s two sister cities. The doors take us back in time to the era of conquest and the domination of America by the Spanish empire. This city feels like an immense medieval military fortification that could be reactivated at any moment to fend off attacks of pirates and corsairs.

The people here dance to the beats and rhythms of salsa, cumbia, merengue, and the soft chords of classic boleros. Cartagena is a historical coastal city and, above all, very Caribbean. Here, men still fish by hand, though they often go home without a decent haul. They fish with hope and dreams that tomorrow’s haul will be better.

The Bazurto market is vivid, colorful, full of music, offers, and detritus. The coming and going of Cartageneros, as the city’s people are called, is constant, like an ant’s nest disturbed by a foreign object, one that’s ignorant of the city’s problems. Poverty is visible, though it’s not unique to this city: it can be found in many other cities in Latin America.

The history of Cartagena, we’re told, is one that’s prosperous and intelligent, full of possibilities and riches. It was the port of entry to South America from the Caribbean. But the part of the history that’s not told is that of sacking, thievery, and slavery. Also missing is the part about what happened with the end of colonialism and Spanish domination: the beginning of a decline in Cartagena’s worth and its military and economic importance and its metamorphosis into a tourist destination for curious travelers and lovers of the exotic flora and fauna that abound here.

Cartagena de Indias is a hub of culture. A city of forts, cathedrals, and colonial buildings, an ideal place to observe and appreciate colonial architecture. But also, it is a place to observe misery: here is a large number of unemployed men and women who are in the most productive years of their lives. It is almost impossible to move in the street without being asked for money or some sort of help.

The police, for their part, try to keep crime outside of the city’s historical walls, especially after an incident in which two Italian tourists were assaulted and robbed, leaving one dead and the other gravely injured. The city’s newspapers are full of daily reports of violence and crime in other sectors of the city, the ones that are the most poor and the least cared for by the police.

In spite of all this, the city is making an effort to improve its image, especially following the election of its first female mayor: Judith Pineda, a woman who is reputed to be largely outside the traditional political machinery of Cartagena and who has promised a Cartagena where everyone counts. Recently, the city hosted the Congress of Languages, which was attended by thousands of people, including famous authors such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez.

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We arrive in Cartagena at night, without knowing the city and ill-prepared for her. The trip from the airport to where we’ll be staying is without incident until we get close to our destination. The taxi driver turns right down one of the city’s dark and narrow streets, stopping behind an old truck that has its lights out and which is surrounded by sweaty men without shirts, their surprised looks directed towards us. The stop is a surprise; the driver gets out of the taxi and exchanges words with the men. My mind races to evaluate the situation, operating on instinct. I think about safety and about vulnerability. Everything I’ve read about Colombia in books and magazines; everything I’ve seen on the news—it all flashes through my mind in a single instant: Pablo Escobar, Ingrid Betancourt, the M-19, the FARC, all the paramilitary factions. The damage is already done in my mind!

“Get out of the car and take everything you have in the trunk!” the driver says. “Why? What happened?” I ask, and he replies that we have to walk to the place where we’ll be staying; the truck has broken down and there’s no way to get around it. We take all our things and start a funereal march towards our destination, and though it’s not far, it seems so. Along the way, we learn that the men had been unloading wood at a construction site; they were waiting for their daily pay, and at the same time, the truck broke down. Ahh… what relief to know that we weren’t the next victims to appear in tomorrow’s news! But the incident has left its mark upon the rest of our stay in Colombia. The trip will be different.

The following day, we enter the center of the city. In the evening, there’s music everywhere and people in doorways, parks, and plazas. What draws my attention is a group of young school children dancing the “champeta” at these hours of the night. They seem happy and playful, and they know their dance moves perfectly. Later, we learn that they dance in the plazas and parks around Cartagena to collect money in order to buy their dance costumes and to help their families. The director of the group tells us that dance is also a way to keep the kids out of youth gangs, drugs, and violence. The group is from a part of the city known as Lebanon. It’s a poor community like many others. Lebanon is part of Cartagena’s outskirts, where crime and unemployment are high. During Colombia’s most turbulent years, many families abandoned their homes to escape violence, fleeing to the city, typically without resources, without family, and without the experience of having lived in a city. To survive was the only objective, but the arrangement became permanent, extending more than 20 years in some cases, bringing new generations into a situation that is desperate and difficult.

The full moon shines over Cartagena, giving everything a sheen that fails to glisten in the poorest parts of this city and in the lives of the people who suffer the most. Their children keep inheriting poverty, often arriving at school with nothing in their stomachs. They confront raw violence and crime perpetrated by gangs… their only error is that of being poor in the third world.

We arrive at the end of our visit with a new perspective of Cartagena. We are richer in knowledge and have much more information about the current reality here. We have more stories to tell, more difficulties to confront, more questions than answers in our minds. But above all, we have hope that tomorrow will be better and a deep desire to see Cartagena in peace. Our hearts are with you, Colombia!

Photos: Julie Schwietert Collazo
*

A la orilla del Magdalena me siento a escribir mis primeras impresiones de Cartagena. No puedo dejar de pensar en La Habana y en San Juan, Puerto Rico ambos lugares donde vivimos, y bien conocido para nosotros. El aire se siente mas caliente y humedo que en La Habana o San Juan. Sus murallas mas intactas, conservando todavía varias puertas de entrada a la ciudad y formando esas piezas que le falta a sus dos ciudades hermanas, para transportarnos en tiempo y espacio de la conquista y la dominacion de America por parte del entonces imperio espanol. Esta ciudad se siente como una inmensa fortificacion militar de tiempos viejos que en cualquier momento se puede activar para enfrentar los ataques de piratas y corsarios de cualquier siglo.

La gente bailan al ritmo de canonazo de la salsa, cumbia y merengue y al suave tableteo de boleros inmemorables. Cartagena es costena, vieja, y sobre todo muy caribena. Aqui todavía se pesca a mano, muchas veces sin recoger una buena cosecha de peces. Se pesca con mucha esperanza y con muchos suenos en un manana mejor.

Su mercado Bazurto es vivo y muy colorido, lleno de musica, ofertas, y desecho. El ir y venir de sus habitantes es constante, dando la sensación de un hormiguero perturbado por un objeto ajeno e ignorante de su existencia y sus problemas. La pobreza visible pero no es unica a esta ciudad; se puede encontrar esta en muchas otras ciudades de Latinoamérica. Es un mercado de la otra Colombia que agoniza para muchos de sus habitantes, donde se mueve la gran parte de la economia que inyecta el capital a la ciudad después del turismo.

La historia nos cuenta de una Cartagena prospera e inteligente, llena de posibilidades y muchas riquezas. Fue puerto de entrada a suramerica por el caribe; convive tambien con esta historia leyendas de saqueo, robo y puerto negrero. Con el fin del colonialismo y dominacion espanola comienza un decline en su valor e importancia militar y economica para convertirse en un punto turistico para viajeros curiosos y para los amantes de la flora y la fauna exotica que esta nos ofrece.

Cartagena de Indias es un punto cultural. Ciudad de fuertes, catedrales, iglesias y edificaciones coloniales, magnifico lugar para observar y apreciar la arquitectura colonial. Tambien tiene Cartagena entre sus habitantes un gran numero de hombres y mujeres desempleados en los anos mas productivos de sus vidas. Es casi imposible avanzar una calle sin ser preguntado por dinero o alguna ayuda que pueda aliviar el dia. La policia trata de mantener afuera del casco historico y sus murallas el crimen, especialmente después de un incidente en que dos turistas italianos fueron asaltados y robados, dejando una persona muerta y otro muy mal herido. En sus periodicos aparecen a diario noticias de violencia y crimenes en los otros sectores de la ciudad mas pobres y menos custodiados por la policia.

A pesar de todo esto, la ciudad esta haciendo un esfuerzo para mejorar su imagen antes del mundo, especialmente después de elegir su primera alcaldesa: Judith Pineda, una mujer que ha estado al margen de la maquinaria politica de Cartagena y prometio una Cartagena para todo, donde todos estarian incluidos. Recientemente alli se celebro “El Congreso de la Lengua” que conto con la asistencia y participación de miles de personas e importantes figuras del mundo incluyendo entre ellos el escritor colombiano Gabriel Garcia Marquez, que según se cuenta fue banado con mariposas amarillas en forma de bienvenidas.
*
Llegamos a Cartagena de noche sin conocer la ciudad y mucho menos preparados para ella. El viaje de ruta del aeropuerto hasta el sitio de nuestro hospedaje ocurrio sin incidente hasta que nos acercamos a nuestro destino. El chofer de taxi oficial doblo derecha en una de estas calles oscuras y estrechas para detenerse frente a frente a un viejo camion con sus luces apagadas y rodeados de hombres todos sudados sin camisas, dirigiendo sus miradas de sorpresa hacia nosotros. El paro fue repentino y sorpresivo; el chofer del taxi se baja del auto y comienza a intercambiar palabras con ellos.

Mi mente se acelera para evaluar la situación casi por instinto. Pienso en la seguridad y en lo vulnerable que estamos mi esposa y yo. Todo llega a mi mente en un flash de tiempo; en segundos se me inunda la mente de todo lo leido sobre la violencia en Colombia en libros y revistas, todo esto acompanado por escenas e imágenes de los noticieros de las 6 pm: pense en Pablo Escobar, Ingrid Betancourt, el M-19. La FARC y en todos los grupos y facciones de los grupos paramilitares, el dano ya estaba hecho sobre mi vision sobre Colombia! “Bajense del carro con todo lo que tienen el baul!”-nos dice el chofer- Le pregunto, “Por que? Que pasa?” Nos dice que tenemos que andar hasta el sitio donde nos quedariamos, porque el camion esta roto y no se podria llegar de otra manera. Tomamos todas nuestras cosas y comenzamos la marcha funebre hasta nuestro destino, que si no era larga asi parecia. Al llegar supimos que todos estos hombres habian descargado madera para un sitio en construccion, estaban esperando el pago diario, y al mismo tiempo su camion se descompuso. Aah… que alivio saber que no eramos nosotros las proximas victimas para aparecer el proximo dia en los periodicos y revistas sensacionales de Cartagena! A decir verdad este incidente me ayudo para mantenerme precavido y vigilante por el resto de mi estancia en Colombia. Unas vacaciones diferentes desde este punto de vista.

Al siguiente dia nos fuimos a la parte centrica de la ciudad. Alli habia musica por todas partes y gente en los portales, parques, y plazas. Lo que me atrae la atención entre todo esto es un grupo de ninos de edad escolar bailando “champeta” a estas horas de la noche. Ellos se ven alegres y juguetones y saben sus movimientos a la perfeccion; luego conocemos que ellos bailan en las plazas y parques para recoger dinero para comprar sus uniformes de bailes y ayudar a la misma vez a sus familias. Nos dice el director del grupo que es tambien una forma de mantenerlos fuera de las pandillas juveniles, las drogas y la violencia. Este grupo de jóvenes es de un sector de la ciudad conocido con el nombre de “Libano.” Es una comunidad pobre como muchas otras en Colombia, Brasil, Ecuador, o Argentina. Libano es parte de los suburbios de Cartagena, que la criminalidad y el desempleo es alto como lo son en los barrios de Congreso, La Magdalena, o Olaya.

Durantes los anos mas turbulentos de Colombia muchas familias abandonaron sus lugares de origen para escapar de la violencia y se refugiaron el la ciudad, casi sin recursos, sin familias y sin la experiencia de una vida en una ciudad. Sobrevivir a sus familiares muertos o asesinados eran su unico objetivo por ahora, pero esta situación duro mas de 20 anos y ya han nacido hijos que han tenido hijos bajo esta situación desesperante y difícil.

La luna llena alumbra a Cartagena y le da a esta un brillo que no alumbra a sus barrios mas pobres y a sus gentes mas pobres y sufridas. Sus ninos siguen heredando la pobreza y llegan muchas veces a sus escuelas sin nada en sus pequenos estomagos, enfrentando la bruta experiencia de la violencia y el crimen de las pandillas, culpable del unico delito de ser pobre en el tercer mundo.

Llegamos al fin de nuestra visita con una nueva vision de Cartagena, mas rico en información y con mucha mas información de la realidad existente, mas historias que contar, mas realidades que enfrentar, mas preguntas que respuestas en nuestras mentes, y sobre todo dejando a Cartagena con la esperanza de un manana mejor y con el deseo de ver a esta Cartagena con ganas de vivir en paz. Nuestros corazones estan contigo, Colombia!

How to Home Swap

Friday, August 22nd, 2008

A few months back, I wrote a post on MatadorPulse offering advice for stretching your travel dollar. Since accommodations are often the most expensive part of a trip, one of my recommendations was to look into alternative lodging. Today’s traveler has tons of creative lodging choices, from traditional hosteling and couchsurfing to home swapping.

My own favorite is home swapping.

The benefits? First, you have all the comforts of home: a kitchen, a bed not slept in by hundreds or thousands of people, and amenities and utilities that won’t cost you extra, such as internet service. Second, since you’ll be in a residential neighborhood rather than a zone designed especially for tourists, you’re far more likely to get a local feel for a place by home swapping. Third, you’ll meet really interesting people who know their area well and will be happy to give you insider’s tips. Want to know where the best market is? The laundromat? Budget transportation options? Your home swapping partner will usually be happy to clue you in.

Admittedly, home swapping is not for everyone. There are many travelers who feel uncomfortable moving in, even if temporarily, to someone else’s private space. And plenty of people worry, as one person who responded to my post did, whether home swapping is safe.

Yet with some common sense and planning, concerns about the potential downsides of home swapping can be minimized. Here are some tips:

1) Decide where you’d like to go, where you want to stay, and investigate local home swap options. Although there are lots of home swap websites that offer fee-based memberships, I’ve used craigslist exclusively and have always had great experiences. I click on the city where I want to travel, select home swaps, and see what’s currently being offered.

2) Don’t rush. Once you’ve identified some potential swaps, send an inquiry and start getting to know the person offering his or her property. What does he/she do for a living? Has he/she home swapped before? What is the specific offer and what are his/her expectations for the swap? Be sure to get an exact location as well, and request photos if they were not provided in the initial post. Take your time: you’re going to be staying in this person’s home and vice versa, so you want to get to know a bit about the person who will be in your private space.

3) Consider asking for references. I rarely ask for references because I’ve generally “read” the other person and either gotten a good or bad vibe about them already. Bad vibe folks get cut off; good vibe folks have generally provided enough information to make me feel reassured about the swap. But if you’d like, ask for references.

4) Make the swap official. Swap dates can be concurrent (meaning you’re in the swapper’s home and they’re in yours on the same dates) or not; the arrangements depend upon your respective travel plans and schedules. Either way, it’s a good idea to exchange all contact information (names, home and mailing addresses, e-mails, cell phones, emergency contact information) in writing and to complete contracts as well. The contract should absolve the host party of liability in the event of some sort of injury while protecting the host from damages or losses of property. Sample contracts can be found online.

5) Stay in touch. Once you’ve established a home swap relationship, foster it. Home swappers tend to be like-minded folks with similar interests. By nurturing your relationship with your swapper, you’re likely to benefit from future swaps and other inside travel information.

Have you home-swapped? Are you interested in it or wary about it? Share your thoughts below!

Photo: alykat (creative commons)